Duración de la erupción dental prefuncional temporal y permanente en la población de Villa Clara / Duration of temporary and permanent prefunctional tooth eruption in Villa Clara population

Introducción: En Cuba ha sido poco estudiado el tiempo que demora el diente, desde que aflora a la cavidad bucal hasta que alcanza el plano oclusal. Objetivo: Determinar la duración de la erupción clínica prefuncional temporal y permanente en la población de Villa Clara. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo entre los años 2014 a 2018. Mediante un muestreo polietápico aleatorio simple se obtuvo una muestra de 2 584 niños y adolescentes (520 entre tres meses y cuatro años para la dentición temporal, y 2 064 entre cuatro y 14 años para la permanente), nacidos en la provincia, sin alteraciones del crecimiento general y craneofacial; se observó el brote; se calcularon por medio de la regresión de probit, las edades medias para los dientes brotados sin contacto oclusal y las que habían alcanzado la oclusión. La duración de la erupción clínica prefuncional fue calculada restando las medianas de ambas variables. Resultados: En los dientes temporales demoró más la erupción clínica prefuncional en los 1ros molares (superiores, 0,63; inferiores, 0,62); en los permanentes, en los incisivos centrales inferiores de hombres y mujeres, 1 y 1,07, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La erupción clínica prefuncional para los dientes permanentes osciló entre cuatro meses y un año; para los temporales, entre cuatro y siete meses con diferencias dentarias. Se elaboró una tabla de duración de la erupción clínica prefuncional de los dientes temporales y permanentes ajustada a la población villaclareña.

Introduction: the time the tooth takes to emerge from the oral cavity until it reaches the occlusal plane has been little studied in Cuba. Objective: to determine the duration of temporary and permanent prefunctional clinical tooth eruption in Villa Clara population. Methods: a descriptive and epidemiological study was carried out from 2014 to 2018. A sample of 2,584 children and adolescents who were born in the province without alterations in general and craniofacial growth was obtained through simple random multistage sampling (520 between three months and four years for temporary dentition and 2,064 between four and 14 years for permanent one); the outbreak was observed; the mean ages for teeth eruption without occlusal contact and those that had reached occlusion were calculated by means of probit regression. The duration of the prefunctional clinical eruption was calculated by subtracting the medians of both variables. Results: prefunctional clinical eruption took longer in temporary (upper, 0.63 and lower, 0.62) 1st molars, as well as in permanent lower central incisors of men and women (1 and 1.07, respectively). Conclusions: prefunctional clinical eruption for permanent teeth ranged from four months to one year and for temporary ones between four and seven months presenting dental differences. A table of the duration of the prefunctional clinical eruption of temporary and permanent teeth was created according to Villa Clara population.

Repair potential of biodentine in vital pulp therapies in mature permanent teeth: a narrative review / POTENCIAL REPARADOR DEL BIODENTINE EN TERAPIAS PULPARES VITALES EN DIENTES PERMANENTES MADUROS: UNA REVISIÓN NARRATIVA

Vital pulp therapy in dentistry seeks to treat lesions in the dental pulp caused by cavities, trauma or iatrogenic procedures. Its objective is to maintain the vitality and function of the pulp, restoring the continuity of the dentin, known as the dentinal bridge. The dentinal bridge is crucial for injury repair and promotes pulp healing. Stem cells from the dental pulp can differentiate into odontoblasts, responsible for the formation of reparative dentin. To achieve success in vital pulp therapy, factors such as the appropriate choice of biocompatible biomaterials that prevent bacterial infiltration and inflammatory reactions, as well as the response of the pulp to injury, must be considered. An emerging material is Biodentine, a dentin substitute based on calcium silicate that induces the formation of dentin bridges and has demonstrated effectiveness in the repair of the dentine-pulp complex. It acts through specific molecular pathways by inducing the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. This narrative review aims to describe the restorative potential of Biodentine in vital pulp therapies in mature permanent teeth. Its ability to reduce pulp inflammation, differentiate stem cells, the mechanism of action for the formation of tertiary dentin and characteristics of the dentinal bridge were evaluated. The results indicate that Biodentine has anti-inflammatory properties and stimulates dentin regeneration, influencing cell differentiation and mineralization. To conclude, Biodentine shows broad reparative potential in vital pulp therapies in mature permanent teeth, reduction of pulp inflammation, great cellular bioactivity, differentiation, and high dentin quality.

La terapia pulpar vital en odontología busca tratar lesiones en la pulpa dental causadas por caries, traumatismos o procedimientos iatrogénicos. Su objetivo es mantener la vitalidad y función de la pulpa, restaurando la continuidad de la dentina, conocida como puente dentinario. El puente dentinario es crucial para la reparación de lesiones y promueve la cicatrización de la pulpa. Las células madre de la pulpa dental pueden diferenciarse en odontoblastos, responsables de la formación de dentina reparadora. Para lograr el éxito en la terapia pulpar vital, se deben considerar factores como la elección adecuada de biomateriales biocompatibles que prevengan la infiltración bacteriana y reacciones inflamatorias, así como la respuesta de la pulpa a la lesión. Un material emergente es el Biodentine, un sustituto de dentina basado en silicato de calcio que induce la formación de puentes de dentina y ha demostrado eficacia en la reparación del complejo dentino-pulpar. Actúa mediante vías moleculares específicas al inducir la diferenciación de células madre de la pulpa dental. Esta revisión narrativa tiene como objetivo describir el potencial reparador del Biodentine en terapias pulpares vitales en dientes permanentes maduros. Se evaluó su capacidad para reducir la inflamación pulpar, como de diferenciar células madre, el mecanismo de acción para la formación de dentina terciaria y características del puente dentinario. Los resultados indican que Biodentine tiene propiedades antiinflamatorias y estimula la regeneración dentinaria, influenciando la diferenciación celular y la mineralización. Para concluir, Biodentine muestra un amplio potencial reparador en terapias pulpares vitales en dientes permanentes maduros, reducción de inflamación pulpar, gran bioactividad celular, diferenciación, y alta calidad de dentina.

A terapia pulpar vital em odontologia busca tratar lesões na polpa dentária causadas por cáries, traumas ou procedimentos iatrogênicos. Seu objetivo é manter a vitalidade e função da polpa, restaurando a continuidade da dentina, conhecida como ponte dentinária. A ponte dentinária é crucial para a reparação de lesões e promove a cicatrização pulpar. As células-tronco da polpa dentária podem se diferenciar em odontoblastos, responsáveis ​​pela formação da dentina reparadora. Para obter sucesso na terapia pulpar vital, devem ser considerados fatores como a escolha adequada de biomateriais biocompatíveis que previnam infiltração bacteriana e reações inflamatórias, bem como a resposta da polpa à lesão. Um material emergente é o Biodentine, um substituto dentinário à base de silicato de cálcio que induz a formação de pontes dentinárias e tem demonstrado eficácia na reparação do complexo dentina-polpa. Atua através de vias moleculares específicas, induzindo a diferenciação de células-tronco da polpa dentária. Esta revisão narrativa tem como objetivo descrever o potencial restaurador do Biodentine em terapias pulpares vitais em dentes permanentes maduros. Foram avaliadas sua capacidade de reduzir a inflamação pulpar, diferenciar células-tronco, mecanismo de ação para formação da dentina terciária e características da ponte dentinária. Os resultados indicam que Biodentine possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias e estimula a regeneração da dentina, influenciando a diferenciação e mineralização celular. Concluindo, Biodentine apresenta amplo potencial reparador em terapias pulpares vitais em dentes permanentes maduros, redução da inflamação pulpar, grande bioatividade celular, diferenciação e alta qualidade dentinária.

Clinical Evaluation of Composite Restorations with and without Polyethylene Fiber in First Permanent Molars: A 24-Month Randomized Clinical Trial

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the 24-month clinical performance of composite resin restorations with and without polyethylene fiber in the first permanent molars of pediatric patients with extensive caries. Material and Methods: In total, 75 Class II restorations were placed in the permanent molar teeth of 75 children (mean age 11.3 years) with (FC; n=38) or without (C; n=37) fiber. One operator placed all the restorations. The restorations were evaluated using the modified USPHS criteria in terms of retention, color match, marginal discoloration, anatomic form, marginal adaptation, secondary caries, and postoperative sensitivity. Statistical data were analyzed using chi-square and Cochran tests (p<0.05). Results: At the end of two years, 65 restorations (FC:31; C:34) were followed up. No changes were observed during the first six months. After 24 months of follow-up, there were minor changes in marginal adaptation and marginal color in both groups; however, no statistically significant difference was observed between the clinical performances for all criteria (p>0.05). Conclusion: Extensive composite restorations with or without fibers displayed good clinical performance in high load-bearing areas after 24 months.

Prevalence and risk factors of permanent tooth caries among junior high school students in Haikou / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To describe the prevalence of permanent tooth caries and associated factors among junior high school students in Haikou, and to provide reliable evidence for prevention and control of caries.@*Methods@#A total of 3 573 students from 8 junior high school in Haikou City and towns were selected by the methods of clustered sampling survey. Questionnaire survey and oral health examinations were conducted to analyze the caries rate, mean decayed missing filled tooth (DMFT), filling rate, pit and fissure sealant rate. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of caries in permanent tooth.@*Results@#Among the surveyed junior high school students, the caries rate was 47.32%( n =1 691), the mean DMFT was 1.51. The caries rate and mean DMFT were higher in female students (49.59%) than in male students (44.95%), and higher in towns (50.77%) than in urban areas (44.04%), the difference were statistically significant ( χ 2=16.25, 7.72, P <0.05). The filling rate and pit and fissure sealant rate among junior high school students in Haikou were 17.13%, 6.27% respectively. The filling rate and pit and fissure sealant rate were higher in urban areas (18.97%, 7.17%) than towns (15.76%, 5.33%), the difference were statistically significant ( χ 2= 9.57, 5.13, P <0.05). The multivariate Logistic analysis showed that female student, town residence, daily consumption of sweets or sugary drinks (≥1 time), bedtime snack were risk factors for junior high school students suffering from permanent dental caries( OR =1.41, 1.45, 2.63, 2.09, 1.53), while using fluoride toothpaste daily, oral education in school were protective factors( OR =0.44, 0.34)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The caries rate of permanent teeth among junior high school students in Haikou is at high level, but the filling rate of caries and pit and fissure sealant rate are lower. The prevention and treatment of dental caries should be carried out in high risk students, and oral health education in school is also needed to improve the oral health level of junior high school students.

Effectiveness of non-operative approaches in active enamel carious lesions: a retrospective longitudinal study

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of non-invasive and micro-invasive treatments in active enamel carious lesions in high-caries-risk children. Clinical records of children treated in a dental school setting were retrospectively screened for active enamel carious lesions treated non-invasively (topical fluoride applications, oral hygiene instruction, or dietary guidance) or micro-invasively (sealant). The control of active carious lesions was set as the main outcome established by the combination of inactivation and non-progression of the lesions based on Nyvad and ICDAS criteria, respectively. Individual and clinical factors associated with the outcome were analyzed by Poisson regression. The sample consisted of 105 high-caries-risk children with a mean age of 8.3 (± 2.4) years. From a total of 365 active enamel carious lesions, most lesions (84.1%) were active non-cavitated carious lesions (ICDAS scores 1 and 2) and only 15.9% presented localized enamel breakdown (ICDAS score 3). Of these, 72.6% were inactivated and 92.1% did not progress (mean time of 6.5 ± 4.1 months). The prevalence of controlled carious lesions was higher among children older than 6 years (PR:1.43; 95%CI:1.00-2.03; p = 0.04) and in those with better biofilm control (PR:0.99; 95%CI: 0.98-0.99; p = 0.03). Non-operative approaches are effective for controlling active enamel carious lesions. The majority of active enamel carious lesions became inactive and did not progress after treatment. Caries control was associated with older children and better biofilm control.

Cost-effectiveness of selective caries removal versus stepwise excavation for deep caries lesions

Abstract A multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of two treatments for deep caries lesions in permanent molars - selective caries removal (SCR) to soft dentin with restoration in a single visit, and stepwise excavation (SW) - regarding pulp vitality for a 5-year follow-up period. The present study aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of these treatments. Treatments were conducted in two Brazilian cities (Brasília and Porto Alegre). At baseline, 299 permanent molars (233 patients) were treated and 229 teeth (174 patients) were evaluated after 5 years. The discounted cash flow method was adopted. The total cost of each treatment was calculated, and the failure cost (endodontic treatment + restoration) was added to the final cost, according to the 5-year failure rates of each therapy (20% for SCR and 44% for SW). A public health service unit composed of three dentists in 4-hour work shifts was used to calculate the monetary value of the treatments, assuming a total of 528 treatments/month. Considering the 229 teeth evaluated after 5 years (115 SCR and 114 SW), SCR provided savings of 43% (amalgam) and 41% (resin composite) per treatment, compared to SW. The SCR technique provides benefits for public finances (direct economy) and for public health services (increase in the number of treatments performed). Considering that maximizing profit and reducing costs are powerful motivating factors for adopting a certain treatment, this study provides data to better support the decision-making process, regarding the management of deep caries lesions in permanent molars.

Phenotype Harmonization in the GLIDE2 Oral Health Genomics Consortium.

Genetic risk factors play important roles in the etiology of oral, dental, and craniofacial diseases. Identifying the relevant risk loci and understanding their molecular biology could highlight new prevention and management avenues. Our current understanding of oral health genomics suggests that dental caries and periodontitis are polygenic diseases, and very large sample sizes and informative phenotypic measures are required to discover signals and adequately map associations across the human genome. In this article, we introduce the second wave of the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions and Dental Endpoints consortium (GLIDE2) and discuss relevant data analytics challenges, opportunities, and applications. In this phase, the consortium comprises a diverse, multiethnic sample of over 700,000 participants from 21 studies contributing clinical data on dental caries experience and periodontitis. We outline the methodological challenges of combining data from heterogeneous populations, as well as the data reduction problem in resolving detailed clinical examination records into tractable phenotypes, and describe a strategy that addresses this. Specifically, we propose a 3-tiered phenotyping approach aimed at leveraging both the large sample size in the consortium and the detailed clinical information available in some studies, wherein binary, severity-encompassing, and "precision," data-driven clinical traits are employed. As an illustration of the use of data-driven traits across multiple cohorts, we present an application of dental caries experience data harmonization in 8 participating studies (N = 55,143) using previously developed permanent dentition tooth surface-level dental caries pattern traits. We demonstrate that these clinical patterns are transferable across multiple cohorts, have similar relative contributions within each study, and thus are prime targets for genetic interrogation in the expanded and diverse multiethnic sample of GLIDE2. We anticipate that results from GLIDE2 will decisively advance the knowledge base of mechanisms at play in oral, dental, and craniofacial health and disease and further catalyze international collaboration and data and resource sharing in genomics research.

Sequelae in permanent dentition after trauma in primary dentition in patients assisted at hospital base Valdivia, Chile / Secuelas en dentición permanente por trauma en dentición temporal en pacientes atendidos en el hospital base Valdivia, Chile

Aim: To determine the type and frequency of sequelae in permanent teeth as a result of traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth in pediatric patients attended to at the Hospital Base Valdivia, between 2007 and 2012. Material and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted. The medical records of pediatric patients who were affected by traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth and went to the Sub-department of Dentistry of the Hospital Base Valdivia, Chile, were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The recorded data was: age of the child at the time of the accident, gender, affected primary tooth, type of traumatic dental injuries, and diagnosis of the permanent successor tooth. Descriptive statistics were performed. A chi-square test was used to establish differences between type of traumatic dental injuries and condition of the permanent tooth. Results: The most frequent diagnosis of traumatic dental injuries in primary dentition was subluxation. The primary tooth with the highest frequency of traumatic dental injuries was the right maxillary central incisor; 58.2% of the permanent successors presented some developmental disturbances. The most frequent sequelae observed in permanent teeth were chronological alterations of the eruption. Conclusion: There is a high frequency of sequelae in permanent dentition as a result of trauma in primary dentition. The most frequent sequel observed was chronological alteration of the eruption. It is fundamental to inform parents about the possible consequences that could arise and emphasize the importance of attending periodic follow up in order to prevent or minimize possible sequelae in permanent teeth.

Objectivo: Determinar el tipo y frecuencia de secuelas en dientes permanentes como consecuencia de lesiones dentales traumáticas en dientes temporales en pacientes pediátricos atendidos en el Hospital Base Valdivia, entre los años 2007 y 2012. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. Se seleccionaron las historias clínicas, según criterios de inclusión y exclusión, de pacientes pediátricos que sufrieron lesiones dentales traumáticas en dientes temporales y que acudieron al sub-departamento de Odontología del Hospital Base Valdivia, Chile. Los datos registrados fueron: edad en el momento del accidente, sexo, diente temporal afectado, tipo de lesiones dentales traumáticas y diagnóstico del diente sucesor permanente. Se realizó estadística descriptiva. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado para establecer diferencias entre el tipo de lesiones dentales traumáticas y el estado del diente permanente. Resultado: El diagnóstico más frecuente de lesiones dentales traumáticas en dentición temporal fue subluxación. El diente temporal con mayor frecuencia de lesiones dentales traumáticas fue el incisivo central superior derecho. El 58.2% de los dientes sucesores permanentes presentó alguna alteración del desarrollo. Las secuelas más frecuentes observadas fueron alteraciones cronológicas de la erupción. Conclusión: Existe una alta frecuencia de secuelas en la dentición permanente como consecuencia de traumatismos en la dentición temporal. La secuela más frecuente observada fue la alteración cronológica de la erupción. Es fundamental informar a los padres sobre las posibles consecuencias que podrían surgir y enfatizar la importancia de realizar un seguimiento periódico para prevenir o minimizar posibles secuelas en los dientes permanentes.

Enamel growth rate variation of inner, mid, and outer enamel regions between select permanent tooth types across five temporally distinct British samples.

OBJECTIVE: This study explored differences in the regional daily growth rates of human enamel between tooth types across a temporal transect in Britain. METHODS: Upper permanent central incisors (n = 81), upper permanent canines (n = 69), and upper and lower permanent first molars (n = 115) from Roman, Pre-Medieval, Medieval, and Modern day populations were analysed using histological methods. Daily secretion rates (DSRs) were collected for inner, mid, and outer regions of cuspal and lateral enamel for each tooth type and temporal sample. Variation in DSRs between the tooth types, within each population, was sought using Welch's tests. RESULTS: Numerous significant differences were observed in DSRs between equivalent enamel regions of different tooth types. The majority of differences were observed between molars and the anterior teeth, but there were no obvious trends as to which typically grew faster/slower, nor was there any consistency across the temporal samples. In contrast, comparisons between incisors and canines yielded minimal differences and variation, when significant, was found to be enamel area- and sample-specific. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents evidence for a high level of variation in DSRs between anterior teeth and first molars of the permanent dentition. This variation appears sporadic with no clear trend outside of anterior tooth comparisons, where analyses of the Late Pre-Medieval and Modern-day populations highlight how DSRs within cuspal and lateral enamel can vary independently.

Association between respiratory diseases and molar-incisor hypomineralization: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The molar-incisor permineralização (MIH) is a qualitative enamel developing abnormality involving the occlusal and/or incisal third of one or more molars or permanent incisors, caused by systemic factors. Several systemic disorders and environmental factors, such as respiratory diseases, have been reported as probable causes of MIH. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate whether respiratory diseases and MIH are associated. The searches were carried out in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar. The acronym PECO was used, in which the P (population) was humans in permanent dentition stage; (E-exposure) molar-incisor hypomineralization; (C-comparison) reference population and (O - outcome) respiratory diseases. After the search retrieval, the duplicates were removed, and the articles were evaluated by title and abstract; then, the papers were read and thoroughly assessed. After selection, the risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to assess the level of evidence. Three thousand six hundred and sixty six were found through the searches. After exclusion by duplicates, title, abstract, and full-reading, 13 articles remained. The articles included in this review evaluated the association of MIH with asthma, tonsilitis, pneumonia, and bronchitis. Most reports showed a low risk of bias. When exploring through GRADE, a very low level of evidence was found. We observed that the included studies showed that children with MIH had more respiratory diseases than the group that did not have MIH. Systematic review registration: https://osf.io/un76d.

Traumatic dental injuries in 6 to 12 years old schoolchildren: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Mexico

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental trauma in schoolchildren 6 to 12 years of age and associated clinical, sociodemographic, and socioeconomic variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 477 children from public elementary schools in four locations in Mexico. The dependent variable was dental trauma, which was dichotomized in 0 = without dental trauma and 1 = with dental trauma. For the statistical analysis, a multivariate binary logistic regression model was generated in Stata. Average age was 9.06±1.94 years and 51.1% were girls. The prevalence of dental trauma was 18.2%. Falls, automobile accidents and sports had the highest number of instances (p < 0.01). In the multivariate model, it was observed that the risk of dental trauma increased with age (OR = 1.28) and among boys (OR = 1.45). Schoolchildren with decreased overjet (OR = 0.38) had lower dental trauma. Father's age (OR = 1.03) and educational level (OR = 1.78) were associated with dental trauma. Schoolchildren without health insurance (OR = 0.62) presented dental trauma less often. This study provided important information regarding the association of different sociodemographic, socioeconomic and clinical variables with dental trauma in Mexican schoolchildren. Identifying factors associated with dental trauma may support health promotion opportunities to ameliorate the prevalence of dental trauma.

Duration of mastication and oral phase of swallowing in the elderly with different dental conditions: a clinical analysis / Duração da mastigação e da fase oral da deglutição em idosos com diferentes condições dentárias: análise clínica

ABSTRACT Purpose: to measure the total time of mastication and oral phase of swallowing in healthy elderly people, considering different food consistency, the presence of natural teeth, and the type of prosthetic oral rehabilitation, as well to compare dental conditions and consistencies. Methods: a cross-sectional study with 57 healthy elderly people, aged between 60 and 82 years, divided into: dentate group (D) (n=15); and rehabilitated groups; PD: fixed or removable partial dentures in one or both arches (n=15); CRD: maxillary and mandibular complete removable dentures (n=15); ISCD: complete dentures - maxillary removable denture and mandibular implant-supported dentures (n=12). The duration time (seconds) of chewing and of the oral phase of swallowing was measured in the consistencies: solid (a roll slice), pudding (10 ml) and liquid (10 ml). Results: healthy dentate elderly subjects had the following intervals: liquid=1.07±0.35 s; pudding=3.48±1.76 s; and solid=27.88±7.11 s. Statistically significant differences were observed between the D and ISCD groups (p=0.0056) and between D and CRD (p=0.0056) for liquid. For all groups, there was a statistically significant increase between liquid and solid consistencies and between pasty and solid ones (p<0.001). Conclusions: the dentate elderly had shorter oral phase time of swallowing for liquids than the rehabilitated edentulous elderly, but not different from the elderly with partial dentures. Chewing and swallowing time for solid food was longer than that for the other consistencies, regardless of dental condition.

RESUMO Objetivo: mensurar o tempo total da mastigação e da fase oral da deglutição em idosos saudáveis, considerando diferentes consistências alimentares, a presença de dentes naturais e o tipo de reabilitação oral protética, bem como realizar comparação entre as condições dentárias e as consistências. Métodos: estudo transversal com 57 idosos saudáveis, entre 60 e 82 anos, distribuídos em grupo dentado (D) (n=15) e grupos reabilitados: próteses parciais fixas ou removíveis em uma ou ambas as arcadas (PP) (n=15); prótese total removível maxilar e mandibular (PTR) (n=15); prótese total - prótese removível superior e prótese implanto-suportada inferior (PTIS) (n=12). O tempo de duração (segundos) da mastigação e da fase oral da deglutição foi medido nas consistências: sólida (pão francês), pudim (10 ml) e líquida (10 ml). Resultados: idosos dentados saudáveis apresentaram os intervalos: líquido=1,07±0,35 s; pudim=3,48±1,76 s; e sólido=27,88±7,11 s. Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos D e PTIS (p=0,0056) e entre D e PTR (p=0,0056) para líquido. Para todos os grupos, houve aumento estatisticamente significante entre as consistências líquida e sólida e entre pastosa e sólida (p<0,001). Conclusões: idosos dentados apresentaram menor tempo de fase oral da deglutição para líquidos do que idosos edêntulos totais reabilitados, mas não diferente dos idosos com prótese parcial. O tempo de mastigação e deglutição do alimento sólido foi maior que o das demais consistências, independente da condição dentária.

Caries experience and associated risk factors in Venezuelan 6-12-year-old schoolchildren

Abstract: This research aims to provide updated information on caries experience and associated risk factors in children 6-12 years old. A cross-sectional and descriptive study design was carried out with a non-probabilistic, convenient sample of 209 children male and female. Clinical examinations were performed by calibrated dental students following WHO detection criteria. Caries indices dmft and DMFT were calculated. Caries Risk Assessment data was collected using an adapted CAMBRA instrument; following the International Caries Care guidelines. Descriptive statistics were performed to analyze the results and Chi-square test, Contingency Coefficient (C) and Corrected Typified Residues were calculated to determine the association between variables. 58% of the total population had dental caries lesions in its more severe stages (cavitation) and 42% were apparently healthy (AHS) without any cavitated lesions. The mean dmft index was 1.34 ± 1.93, and the mean DMFT index was 0.63 ± 1.22. Lesion severity remained between 1-2 teeth affected on both dentitions. A statistically significant association (p = 0.035) between the health condition and toothbrushing was stablished with a degree of dependence of C = 0.144. A positive standardized residual of 2.1 was evident for schoolchildren that experience caries lesion that never brush their teeth and AHS that brushed their teeth more than once. No association (p = 0.081) was found between health condition and intake of sugary snacks and beverages. A severe dental caries experience with a statistically significant association between the health condition and toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpaste 1450 ppm > 1 a day and a positive correlation in schoolchildren that experience caries lesion that never brush their teeth.

Clinical Management of Trauma to Primary Teeth and Delay in Eruption of Permanent Successor Tooth / Conduta Clínica de Trauma em Dente Decíduo e Atraso na Irrupção do Dente Permanente Sucessor

Abstract Dental trauma is considered a complication in oral health, which has attracted the attention of researchers, as its prevalence has increased in recent years. Dental trauma in primary dentition can lead to early tooth loss and impairment of permanent successor teeth, depending on the stage of development of the tooth germ. The aim of the present study was to describe a clinical case of a 4-year-old child who was referred to a pediatric dentist after dental trauma and early loss of deciduous teeth. During the anamnesis, it was observed that the upper deciduous teeth (#51 and #61) were affected by successive traumas, resulting in the early loss of the affected teeth. Nance arch device with a tube-bar system was selected to restore function and aesthetics to the child, while the eruption of the successor permanent teeth was monitored. During the follow-up period, a delay in the eruption of #21 tooth was observed, and ulectomy of the region was indicated to allow the tooth eruption and the proper alignment of the central incisors, which occurred after 5 months of the surgical procedure. Through this report it was possible to conclude that the early diagnosis and the long-term periodic control of traumatic dental lesions in the primary dentition are of fundamental importance to prevent and minimize the damages that can occur to the permanent dentition. (AU)

Resumo O traumatismo dentário é considerado uma complicação à saúde bucal que vem chamando a atenção de pesquisadores, pois sua prevalência tem aumentado nos últimos anos. O trauma dentário na dentição decídua pode ocasionar a perda precoce dos dentes, e comprometimento dos dentes sucessores permanentes, dependendo do estágio de desenvolvimento do germe dentário. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever um caso clínico de uma criança de 4 anos de idade que foi encaminhada ao odontopediatra após traumatismo dentário e perda precoce de dente decíduo. Durante a anamnese, foi observado que os dentes decíduos incisivos superiores (#51 e #61) foram afetados por sucessivos traumas, resultando na perda precoce dos dentes afetados. O dispositivo arco de Nance com sistema do tipo tubo-barra foi selecionado para devolver função e estética à criança, enquanto a irrupção dos dentes permanentes sucessores foi acompanhada. Durante consulta de controle, um atraso na erupção do dente #21 foi observado e a ulectomia da região foi indicada para permitir a irrupção do dente e o alinhamento adequado dos incisivos centrais, que ocorreu após 5 meses do procedimento cirúrgico. Por meio do presente relato foi possível concluir que o diagnóstico precoce e o controle periódico a longo prazo das lesões dentárias traumáticas na dentição decídua são de fundamental importância para prevenir e minimizar os prejuízos que podem ocorrer à dentição permanente. (AU)

Perfil salival en escolares de nueve años con caries dental del primer molar permanente / Salivary profile in school children of nine years old with dental caries of the first permanent molar

RESUMEN Fundamento: la destrucción o pérdida de los primeros molares permanentes por caries repercute de manera importante en el desarrollo y crecimiento maxilofacial. Es imprescindible el análisis pormenorizado de todos los factores concernientes al origen y resistencia a la caries dental, la saliva es uno de los menos estudiados. Objetivo: identificar el perfil salival en escolares de nueve años de edad, con caries dental del primer molar permanente. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística de 45 estudiantes de cuarto grado de la escuela Enrique José Varona, durante el período noviembre de 2019 a febrero de 2020. Se determinó flujo, pH y consistencia salival. Resultados: hubo supremacía en los niños estudiados que presentaron adecuado flujo salival y consistencia salival. El pH neutro fue el predominante. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos en el perfil salival conllevan a estimar el carácter multifactorial de la caries dental, sin subestimar la influencia de la saliva.

ABSTRACT Background: the destruction or loss of the first permanent molars due to caries has a significant impact on maxillofacial development and growth. A detailed analysis of all the factors concerning the origin and resistance to dental caries is essential; saliva is one of the least studied. Objective: to identify the salivary profile in nine-year-old schoolchildren with dental caries of the first permanent molar. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, a non probabilistic sample of 45 fourth-grade students was selected from the Enrique José Varona school, during the period November 2019 to February 2020. Flow, pH and salivary consistency were determined. Results: there was supremacy in the studied children who presented adequate salivary flow and salivary consistency. The neutral pH was the predominant one. Conclusions: the results obtained in the salivary profile lead to estimate the multifactorial character of dental caries, without underestimating the influence of saliva.

Effects of some peruvian non-distilled alcoholic beverages on dental erosion / Efecto de algunas bebidas alcohólicas peruanas no destiladas sobre la erosión dental

Objective: To determine the erosive effect of pieces of permanent teeth exposed to non-distilled alcoholic beverages. Material and Methods: This study takes a quantitative approach, with an explanatory scope, descriptive and correlational, with a pure experimental design. The sample consisted of 45 premolar permanent teeth, which were randomly allocated to five sample groups. Every sample group was submerged in dark beer Cuzqueña Negra, wheat beer Cuzqueña de Trigo, lager beer Cerveza Cristal, lager beer Pilsen Callao and physiological saline solution; every solution had a quantity of 110 mL. The experiment was performed for five minutes, with three repetitions every 12 hours over a period of 70 days. The sampling was performed every seven days, using an analytical scale and a data sheet. Results: The average weight loss of dental pieces put in dark beer Cuzqueña Negra (pH 4.0) was 239.4456 mg. In lager beer Pilsen Callao (pH 4.6), it was 146.7867 mg. In lager beer Cerveza Cristal (pH 3.7), it was 131.3567 mg. In wheat beer Cuzqueña de Trigo (pH 4.5), it was 121.7122 mg. Lastly, in physiological saline solution (pH 6.8), it was 14.3311 mg. When applied to the sample, the statistical test Student's t-test resulted in a value of p≈0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Non-distilled alcoholic beverages caused erosive effects in the pieces of permanent teeth.

Objetivo: : Determinar el efecto erosivo en dientes permanentes expuestos a bebidas alcohólicas no destiladas. Material y Métodos: Este estudio tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance explicativo, descriptivo y correlacional, con un diseño puramente experimental. La muestra consistió en 45 dientes permanentes premolares, que fueron asignados aleatoriamente a cinco grupos de muestra. Cada grupo de muestra se sumergió en cerveza Cuzqueña Negra, cerveza Cuzqueña de Trigo, Cerveza Cristal, cerveza Pilsen Callao y solución salina fisiológica; cada solución tenía una cantidad de 110 mL. El experimento se realizó durante cinco minutos, con tres repeticiones cada 12 horas durante un período de 70 días. El muestreo se realizó cada siete días, utilizando una escala analítica y una hoja de datos. Resultados: La pérdida de peso promedio de las piezas dentales colocadas en cerveza negra Cuzqueña Negra (pH 4,0) fue de 239,4456 mg. En la cerveza Pilsen Callao (pH 4,6), fue de 146,7867 mg. En la cerveza Cerveza Cristal (pH 3,7) fue de 131,3567 mg. En cerveza Cuzqueña de Trigo (pH 4,5), fue de 121,7122 mg. Por último, en suero fisiológico (pH 6,8) fue de 14,3311 mg. Cuando se aplicó la prueba estadística t de Student a la muestra dio como resultado un valor de p?0,000 (p<0,05). Conclusion: Las bebidas alcohólicas no destiladas causaron efectos erosivos en dientes permanentes.

Irrompimento do primeiro molar permanente em crianças da zona urbana e rural do município de Santa Helena - Paraná / Irrompement of the first permanent molar in children from the urban and rural area of the city of Santa Helena - Paraná

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a cronologia de erupção do primeiro molar permanente em crianças de ambos os sexos, residentes na zona urbana e rural do munícipio de Santa Helena - PR, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 154 crianças da zona rural e 300 crianças da área urbana de 04 a 07 anos (48 a 84 meses). Os primeiros molares avaliados foram considerados irrompidos quando qualquer porção de sua coroa estivesse clinicamente visível. A média de idade para erupção do primeiro molar permanente se mostrou de 72 a 83 meses. Destes, o grupo da zona rural apresentou uma média para idade de erupção mais precoce. Contudo, verificou-se um resultado considerável em crianças na faixa de 48 a 59 meses (4 anos), mostrando mais uma vez a erupção precoce nas crianças da zona rural. Este dente irrompeu primeiro na mandíbula, irrompendo primeiro nas meninas do que nos meninos, e o dente 46 foi o que mais se mostrou presente. A média de idade para erupção do primeiro molar permanente correspondeu àquela descrita pela literatura aos seis anos, mas não correspondeu ao atraso na erupção das crianças residentes em zona rural. Bem como este dente irrompeu primeiro na mandíbula... (AU)

The objective of this study was to compare the chronology of eruption of the first permanent molar in children of both sexes, living in the urban and rural areas of the city of Santa Helena-PR, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 154 children from the rural area and 300 children from the urban area from 4 to 7 years old (48 to 84 months). The first molars evaluated were considered erupted when any portion of their crown was clinically visible. The average age for eruption of the first permanent molar was 72 to 83 months. Of these, the rural group had an earlier average age for eruption than the urban group. However, a considerable result was found in children 48-59 months showing once again the early eruption in rural children. This tooth erupted first in the jaw, erupting first in girls rather than boys, and tooth 46 was most present. The mean age of eruption of the first permanent molar corresponded to that described in the literature at age six, but did not correspond to the delayed eruption of children living in rural areas. Just like this tooth erupted in the jaw first... (AU)

Evaluation of mesial root canal configuration of mandibular first molars using micro-computed tomography.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of mesial roots of mandibular first molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty extracted mandibular first molars were used in this study. The morphological examination of root canals was conducted in accordance with the Vertucci classification using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Any aberrant root canal configurations not included in the Vertucci classification were recorded, and their frequency was established using descriptive statistics. Intra-observer reliability was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, while inter-observer reliability was assessed using the Cohen kappa test. Significance was evaluated at the P<0.05 level. RESULTS: The mesial roots of mandibular first molars had canal configurations of type I (15%), type II (7.5%), type III (25%), type IV (10%), type V (2.5%), type VI (7.5%), and type VII (7.5%). The images showed 10 (25%) additional configuration types that were not included in the Vertucci classification. These types were 1-3-2-3, 1-2-3-2-3, 2-3-1, 2-3, 1-2-3-1, 2-1-2-3, 3-2-1, 1-2-3-1, 2-3-2-3, and 1-2-1-2-1. The intra-observer differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05) and the kappa value for inter-observer agreement was found to be 0.957. CONCLUSION: Frequent variations were detected in mesial roots of mandibular first molars. Clinicians should take into consideration the complex structure of the root canal morphology before commencing root canal treatment procedures to prevent iatrogenic complications. Micro-CT was a highly suitable method to provide accurate 3-dimensional visualizations of root canal morphology.

Qualidade de relatos de revisões sistemáticas sobre traumatismo dentário: overview / Quality of systematic review reports on dental traumatism: an overview

Objetivo: Realizar uma overview relacionada ao assunto traumatismo em dentes decíduos e permanentes, bem como analisar a qualidade metodológica e o risco de viés dos trabalhos incluídos (PROSPERO CRD42018107840). Métodos: Este trabalho foi conduzido de acordo com o Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews(PRIO). A estratégia de busca foi aplicada nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, WebScience, Embase, Cochrane e Scopus; que incluiu publicações até outubro de 2020, sem restrição de ano e idioma. Foram avaliados os critérios de elegibilidade: trabalhos com enfoque em lesões traumáticas dentárias; apresentar termo "revisão sistemática" (RS) e/ou "meta-análise" no título ou resumo, critérios de elegibilidade, técnicas sistematizadas para coleta e análise de dados, e instrumentos para avaliação da qualidade dos estudos incluídos; identificar as bases de dados utilizadas na pesquisa; abranger o assunto: traumatismo de dentes permanentes e/ou decíduos ou tecidos de suporte. Foi realizada a avaliação da qualidade das RSs utilizando o Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR2) e averiguada a aderência do artigo ao Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Os resultados foram analisados pelo Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) a fim de classificar a certeza da evidência científica e avaliado o risco de viés pelo ROBIS. Resultados: Foram identificados 2.561 trabalhos, sendo 2.469 excluídos, totalizando 92 artigos incluídos. Nota-se que a partir do ano de 2018 os trabalhos apresentaram melhor qualidade metodológica. E a maioria dos trabalhos apresentaram certeza da evidência científica alta pelo sistema GRADE modificado, e risco de viés baixo pela ferramenta ROBIS. Conclusão: As revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises incluídas apresentaram dificuldade no processo de estruturação metodológica atribuindo, em média, certeza da evidência científica alta para o GRADE, como também risco de viés baixo pelo ROBIS. Descritores: Traumatismos dentários. Revisão. Dentição permanente. Dente decíduo.

Aim: To carry out an overview related to the subject of trauma to primary and permanent teeth, as well as to analyze the methodological quality and risk of bias in the studied works (PROSPERO CRD42018107840). Methods: this work was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews (PRIO). The search strategy was applied to the electronic databases PubMed, WebScience, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus, which included publications until October 2020, with no year or language restrictions. The eligibility criteria were evaluated: studies focusing on traumatic dental injuries; presented the term "systematic review" (RS) and/or "meta-analysis" in the title or abstract, eligibility criteria, systematic techniques for collecting and analyzing data, and instruments to assess the quality of the included studies; identify the databases used in the research; and cover the subject: trauma to permanent and/or deciduous teeth or supporting tissues. An evaluation of the quality of the SRs was performed using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR2), and adherence of the article to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria was verified. The results were analyzed by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) in order to classify the certainty of scientific evidence, and the risk of bias was assessed by ROBIS. Results: A total of 2,561 papers were identified, of which 2.469 were excluded, totaling a sample of 92 articles. It is noted that from 2018 onwards, the works presented better methodological quality. Moreover, most of the studies showed a certainty of high scientific evidence, determined by using the modified GRADE system and a low risk of bias determined by using the ROBIS tool. Conclusion:The systematic reviews and meta-analyses included in this study presented difficulties in the methodological structuring process, attributing, on average, a certainty of high scientific evidence to GRADE, as well as a low risk of bias determined by ROBIS.

Assessment of Dental Caries and Intervention in the First Permanent Molars of Brazilian Children

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of caries stages and interventions on first permanent molars (FPM) in Brazilian children. Material and Methods: Data from FPM were extracted from dental records of children aged 5-14 years of age that attended the UERJ Pediatric Dentistry Clinic. Data include patient age, sex, biofilm index, presence of carious lesions in all stages, and the treatments. Data was analyzed using the SPSS® 20.0 program. Results: A total of 158 dental records were analyzed, 587 registers were related to the caries stage and 601 related to the interventions; mean age of 8.26 (±1.4 years) and 53.2% were girls. The prevalence of active/inactive white spot(AWS/IWS) varied from 14.3% to 21.6% in right upper and lower left FPM, respectively. Enamel/dentin lesions without pulp involvement were also more prevalent in the lower arch and ranged from 3.4% for the right upper to 11.5% for the lower right FPM. Cavities with pulp involvement or indicated extraction ranged from 0% to 1.4%. Treatment included dental sealants, varying from 17.1 to 24.0% (n=126) and restorations, varying from 1.3 to 11.8% (n=38). The lower right were the most affected teeth. Conclusion: First permanent molars presented a higher prevalence of dental caries in early stages and the most prevalent treatment was related to the initial carious process, fluor therapy and sealants.